Fig. 4: JAK-STAT, MEK-ERK and PI3K signalling pathways in guinea pig embryos.
From: The guinea pig serves as an alternative model to study human preimplantation development
a, Schematic of treatment protocol for individual small molecules. b, Representative immunofluorescence images of SOX2 (yellow), SOX17 (magenta), CDX2 (cyan) and Hoechst (blue) in control- (DMSO) and JAK inhibitor- (10 µM AZD1480) treated embryos. c, Scatter plots showing the quantification of the total numbers of cells per embryo (Hoechst) and the numbers of cells for the indicated markers in control- (n = 10) and AZD1480- (n = 6) treated embryos. P values are stated in the figure (two-tailed Mann–Whitney test). d, Representative immunofluorescence images of SOX2 (yellow), SOX17 (magenta), CDX2 (cyan) and Hoechst (blue) in control- (DMSO) and MEK inhibitor- (1 µM PD0325901) treated embryos. e, Scatter plots showing the total numbers of cells per embryo (Hoechst) and the numbers of cells for the indicated markers in control- (n = 7) and PD0325901- (n = 5) treated embryos. P values are stated in the figure (two-tailed Mann–Whitney test). f, Representative immunofluorescence images of SOX2 (yellow), SOX17 (magenta), CDX2 (cyan) and Hoechst nuclear staining (grey) in control- (DMSO) and 7.5 µM LY294002-treated embryos at 24 h. g, Scatter plots showing the total numbers of cells per embryo (Hoechst) and the numbers of cells per embryo for the indicated lineage markers for 24 h for control (n = 4) and PI3K-inhibited (n = 6) embryos. P values are stated in the figure (two-tailed Mann–Whitney test). Scatter plots present the mean ± s.e.m. Scale bars, 20 µm. h, Schematics of selected signalling pathways in mouse, human and guinea pig EPI and PE specification, showing a cross-species comparison of FGF/MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT and JAK/STAT in EPI and PE formation. For the human and guinea pig embryos, signalling components of the MEK-ERK pathway are in grey as this pathway contributes to PE expansion, but a lineage switch with EPI is not observed. Schematic created with BioRender.com. Panel h adapted with permission from ref. 67, Elsevier.
