Extended Data Fig. 1: Metabolic asymmetry between nESC and hiTSC regulates trophoblast induction.
a, Ion counts of metabolites measured by GC-MS normalised to protein content. nESC, naive embryonic stem cells; hiTSC, human induced trophoblast stem cells. b, Heatmap of Log2 fold change in the expression of key metabolic enzymes between in vivo TE and Epiblast. Median expression values were extracted from ref. 10. *IDH2 fold change is out of range and is 6.28. c-d, Expression levels of GATA3, OCT4 and TBXT in d3 hiTSC measured by RT-qPCR. The expression values were normalised to TBP and presented as fold change relative to the untreated d3 hiTSC. Shown are samples with dm-αKG treatment for 96 h (c) or 24 h (d). e, Expression levels of CDX2, GATA3, KLF17, OCT4, VIM and TBXT, in HNES1 cells determined by RT-qPCR. The expression values were normalised to TBP and presented as fold change relative to the untreated d3 hiTSC. HNES1 were treated with dm-αKG for 96 h (red panels) or 24 h (yellow panels). Data is presented as the mean and data points of N = 3 biological replicates. P values were calculated by two-sided unpaired t-tests (a) or by Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction (c-e).
