Fig. 1: scRNA-seq analysis of human amnion during the first trimester.
From: Atlas of amnion development during the first trimester of human pregnancy
a, A diagram illustrating the development of the human amnion. Trophectoderm is marked in grey, amnion in orange, extra-embryonic mesoderm in red, hypoblast or yolk sac endoderm in green, epiblast/embryo body in burgundy or pink and umbilical cord in purple. b, Images of human embryos representing different stages. CS16–CS19 were the collected sample, and CS22 is a representative image taken from the same centre. Arrows point to the amniotic membrane, and triangles mark the yolk sac. Scale bar, 0.5 cm. c, UMAP displaying the identified cell types within the analysed samples. d, A bubble plot showing selected top marker gene expression across cell types. e, Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of amnion sections, with protein markers labelled at the top of the image and amnion stages labelled at the bottom. Different fluorescent markers highlight the localization of the proteins in the tissue. The region inside the white box is magnified on the right. White arrows indicate double-positive cells. Scale bars, 50 µm. CD45–VIM co-staining is representative of four independent experiments that yielded similar results. CD45–E-Cadherin co-staining is representative of two independent experiments. VIM–E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin–KRT18 are representative of one experiment. scRNA-seq analyses depicted in this figure are generated from human amnion samples of the following developmental stages: CS16 (n = 1), CS17 (n = 1), CS19 (n = 1) and CS22 (n = 1).
