Extended Data Fig. 7: MTSC medium promotes TSC core gene expression, supports feeder-free culture, and can reprogram ESCs into MTSC-like cells.

(a) Immunostaining for CDX2 and YAP1 in TSCs cultured in the MTSC medium and MTSCs cultured in the TSC medium. (b) Immunostaining of CK7 in TSCs cultured with the MTSC medium and MTSCs cultured in the TSC medium. (c) Morphology of TSCs, MTSCs, TSCs-MTSCM, and MTSCs-TSCM. TSCs-MTSCM, TSCs cultured in the MTSC medium for 72 hrs; MTSCs-TSCM, MTSCs cultured in the TSC medium for 72 hrs. (d) Immunostaining of TFAP2C, KRT8, and E-CAD in feeder-free MTSC culture. (e) Immunostaining of CDX2, YAP1, and E-CAD in feeder-free MTSC culture. (f) Immunostaining of CDX2, YAP1, and E-CAD in feeder-free TSC cultured in the MTSC medium. (g) Morphology of ESCs cultured in the TSC and MTSC medium for 2, 6, and 10 days. (h) qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of Oct4 and Nanog in ESCs cultured in the MTSC or TSC medium for 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. (i) qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of Gata4, Gata6, and Pdgfra in ESCs cultured in the MTSC or TSC medium for 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. (j) Flow cytometry analysis of TFAP2C and CK7 double-positive ESCs cultured in the MTSC medium for 10 days. Experiments were repeated three times (a-g, j) with similar results. Data are shown as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments (h, i), analyzed by ANOVA-LSD post hoc test without adjustment. Numerical data are available as source data. Scale bars: 20 μm in a-g.