Extended Data Fig. 10: Mechanisms by which FAM189A2, YAP, and mechanical cues regulate DE differentiation.

a, Heatmap showing upregulation of SMAD2/3 target genes in hESC-derived DE cells from FAM189A2 knockdown hESCs compared to WT control cells. Red indicates genes with increased expression upon FAM189A2 depletion. b, GSEA analysis highlighting enrichment of SMAD2/3 target genes that are increased in DE cells derived from FAM189A2 knockdown hESCs compared to WT controls. c, RT-qPCR analysis showing comparable expression of pluripotency markers in DE cells derived from WT and YAP KO hESCs. P = 0.31, P = 0.93, P = 0.73. n = 3 biologically independent experiments. d, Heatmap displaying increased expression of endoderm genes in YAP KO-derived DE cells compared to WT controls. Genes in red are direct YAP targets with YAP binding at their promoters. e, GSEA analysis showing enrichment of endoderm differentiation gene signatures among the genes increased in YAP KO-derived DE cells compared to WT controls. f, RT-qPCR analysis showing comparable expression of pluripotency markers in DE cells derived from WT hESCs cultured on soft vs. stiff matrices. P = 0.7, P = 0.58, P = 0.34. n = 3 biologically independent experiments. g, Heatmap showing upregulated endoderm genes in DE cells cultured on soft vs. stiff matrices. Genes in red are direct YAP targets with YAP binding at their promoters. h, GSEA analysis showing enrichment of endoderm differentiation gene signatures among the genes increased in DE cells cultured on soft vs. stiff matrices. P values were calculated using a two-tailed Student’s t-test (c, f). Data in (c, f) represent mean ± s.e.m. Source numerical data are available in source data.