Fig. 2: Characterization of the Ru@PGS catalyst by electron microscopy.

a–c, TEM images of Ru@PGS. The image in b is a magnification of the region highlighted by the rectangle in a, and c shows a magnified image of a different zone of the material. d–g, HAADF-STEM-EDX elemental mapping images of Ru@PGS: Si (d), N (e), Br (f) and Ru (g). The structure of the catalyst is shown in Fig. 1a. These images show that the Ru@PGS material contains small Ru NPs (diameter = 1.8 ± 0.4 nm) that are well-dispersed over the support. In addition, the grafted polymer covers the silica support homogeneously.