Extended Data Fig. 1: Structural changes from TR-SFX experiments for the FADox→FAD•- transition.

(a) Structures of the isoalloxazine ring and the nearby Arg378-Asp409 salt bridge, at time t as indicated. Eox/t-Eox/dark difference maps [|Fobs| (Eox/t)-|Fcalc| (Eox/dark) with phase information from Eox/dark] are shown for each panel at a 3σ level (cyan for positive and magenta for negative). The Eox/ss omit maps were least-squares superimposed via coot. Eox/10µs is also shown in Fig. 3e. Distances shown are in Å. (b) Structures of the isoalloxazine ring and the nearby Asn403 sidechain at time t are shown. Eox/t-Eox/dark difference maps are shown as in (a). Additionally, 2σ contoured composite omit maps of the corresponding structure and Eox/ss are shown in gold and grey, respectively. Eox/10µs is also shown in Fig. 3h. Distances shown are in Å.