Extended Data Fig. 2: Structural changes from TR-SFX experiments for the FADH•→FADH− transition.

(a) Structures of the isoalloxazine ring and the nearby Arg378-Asp409 salt bridge, from Str12 to Str23. Each structure is superposed over the EX/Y-Ered/ss difference maps. Difference density is shown in cyan (positive) and magenta (negative) at a 3.5σ contour level. The isoalloxazine moiety of Esemi/ss and Esemi/300ns are also shown in Fig. 3, f and g, respectively. (b) Same as (a) except with the EX/Y-Eox/ss difference maps (at a 4σ contour level) instead of EX/Y-Ered/ss. The Arg378-Asp409 pair (lower part) of Esemi/ss and Esemi/300ns are also shown in Fig. 3, f and g, respectively. (c) Structures of the isoalloxazine ring and the nearby Asn403 sidechain at time t are shown, with EX/Y-Eox/ss difference maps as in (b). Additionally, 2σ contoured composite omit maps of the corresponding structure and Esemi/ss are shown in gold and grey, respectively. Esemi/ss and Esemi/300ns are also shown in Fig. 3, i and j, respectively. All distances shown are in Å.