Extended Data Fig. 2: Example of lake shrinkage with retreat of Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada.

Lakes visible in 1990–99 are in yellow (or dashed yellow in panel b), while lakes in 2015–18 are in white. In the 1990-99 mosaic shown in panel a, three large lakes (and one smaller) are visible, which by 2015-18 (mosaic in panel b) have changed markedly. The two larger northern lakes shrunk due to terminus retreat exposing an outlet, while the southern lake grew due to terminus retreat. Note that background images are multiyear mosaics constructed from Landsat imagery from 1990-99 (a) and 2015-18 (b).