Extended Data Fig. 3: Performance of novel GAS varieties sown deep at 120 mm compared to the baseline wheat sown shallow at 45 mm under projected warming.
From: Novel wheat varieties facilitate deep sowing to beat the heat of changing climates
a-e, Simulated ranges (across 37 sites using the average at each site) of above-ground biomass (a), potential grain yield (without considering heat and frost reduction on grain yield) (b), days after sowing (DAS) to anthesis (c), DAS to maturity (d), and heat and frost stress index (e) for three scenarios under past climate (Base + 0 °C, 1981–2010) and future temperature rise (+2 and +4 °C temperature increases imposed on the 1981–2010 period). In d, ‘Heat and frost index’ (varied between 0 and 1) with 1 representing no stress and no damage to grain yield. Boxplots were drawn with the average in the corresponding periods at 37 sites. The bottom, centre and top lines of the box represent the 25th, median and 75th percentiles. The open black circle indicates the average. Whiskers are extended to the most extreme data point that is no more than 1.5 interquartile range from the edge of the box (Tukey style). Black dots beyond the whiskers represent outliers.
