Fig. 2: Decomposition of changes in power sector emissions.

a, Changes in electricity-related CO₂ emissions from China, India, the EU, the United States, Japan, Brazil and Russia (a, black line) relative to the beginning of 2019 have most often been driven by changes in carbon intensity (CO₂ per unit electricity consumed; blue bars), with the largest decreases during the second quarter of 2020 and rebounds in 2021 also influenced by changes in economic activity (gross domestic product (GDP) per person; yellow bars). b,c, Although the share of non-fossil electricity has been gradually increasing over the period (b), the overall carbon intensity of electricity also increased in 2021, reflecting decreases in gas and oil electricity and increases in coal.