Extended Data Fig. 8: Southern Ocean-mean SST trend congruent to the observed Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) trend.
From: Antarctic sea-ice expansion and Southern Ocean cooling linked to tropical variability
For observations, the congruent trends over 1979–2014 are estimated by summing over the multiplicative products of the observed IPO trend and the regression coefficient for the IPO at each grid point in the multiple linear regression of the unforced component of SST changes against the IPO and AMV indices and that for the AMV. In the case of model simulations, the regression coefficients derived from each model’s pre-industrial control runs are used to estimate the congruent trends.
