Extended Data Fig. 2: Annual mean evolution of global-mean surface temperature over 1950−2020.
From: Antarctic sea-ice expansion and Southern Ocean cooling linked to tropical variability
a, Timeseries of the observed (red) and model-simulated ensemble-mean global-mean surface temperature anomaly relative to the 1979−2020 mean. b, Timeseries of the observational minus model-simulated ensemble-mean surface temperature anomalies. c, Timeseries of the ensemble-mean temperature anomalies resulting from observed eastern equatorial Pacific SST variability in IPSL-CM6A-LR. The response is estimated by subtracting temperature changes in coupled historical experiments from those obtained from pacemaker experiments where the observed SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific were assimilated under the same forcing as in the historical experiments. In c, the dashed line denotes the linear trend over 1979−2014.
