Extended Data Fig. 10: Biogeography and biomass change based on CMIP5-RCP2.6 ensemble projections (median average).

Distribution of echobiomes and biomass based on day and night water-column backscatter. Projections are shown for 2000–2020 and 2080–2100, and as present-to-future changes due to different combinations of future environmental conditions: if only chlorophyll changes (CHL), only subsurface dissolved oxygen changes (SDO), only sea surface temperature changes (SST), or the three environmental variables change (CHL + SDO + SST). In biogeographical changes, light and bold colour shades indicate current and future expansions of echobiomes, respectively. Colour-scales are consistent along Extended Data Figs. 7–10.