Fig. 4: Temperature has idiosyncratic effects on stability but increases extinction risk globally.
From: Climate-mediated shifts in temperature fluctuations promote extinction risk
a, Source locations of the terrestrial ectothermic invertebrate species, numbered 1 (southernmost latitude) to 38 (northernmost latitude). Species are colour-coded according to latitudinal region (orange, SHEX; green, TROP; red, NHEX). b, Percent changes in population stability (mean ÷ s.d.) between a historical reference period (1950–2000) and a future period (2050–2100) under multiple aspects of temperature change indicate greater risk to temperate than to tropical species. Under a high emissions scenario, stability shows a statistically significant increase for 12 of 38 species and a statistically significant decrease for 9 species. Points in the violin plots represent the 8 climate model outputs. c, Extinction probability shows a quasi-universal increase globally between the historical period (1950–2000) and a future period (2050–2100) under high emissions scenario changes in temperature.
