Extended Data Fig. 2: Declining Southern Ocean AABW Formation and SMOC.
From: Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation
Dissolved oxygen distributions (mmol/m3) at shelf depths (200–400 m) are shown in panel A for decades (1850s, 1990s, 2090 s, 2190 s, and 2290 s) with time series of mean stratification (kg/m3, calculated by \(\rho _{400m} - \rho _{0m}\)) in the Weddell Sea (black line) and Ross Sea (red line, B). Panel C and D compare mean stratification (south of 60 oS) versus the SMOC rates (Sv), and mean depth boundary between the AMOC and the SMOC compared with the SMOC fraction of total global overturning circulation in the 1990s for the CMIP6 models. The number in C) and D) indicate the number of models in Supplementary Table 1. The ‘RS’ and ‘WS’ represent Ross Sea and Weddell Sea.
