Table 1 Main NBS types and carbon emission reduction effects of highlighted cities. Carbon emissions levels according to Global Carbon Grid data and the main NBS type that should be prioritized in different sectors in 15 typical European cities to maximize emissions reduction potential
From: Contribution of prioritized urban nature-based solutions allocation to carbon neutrality
City | Residential emissions share | Industrial emissions share | Transport emissions share | Total emissions per capita (tons per year) | Emissions reduction rate (resident) | Emissions reduction rate (industry) | Emissions reduction rate (transport) | Emissions reduction through carbon sequestration | Main NBS type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paris | 53% | 30% | 17% | 7.34 | 6% | 26% | 15% | 1% | GI and green buildings |
Madrid | 28% | 35% | 36% | 5.06 | 7% | 18% | 15% | 2% | Habitat and GI |
Berlin | 38% | 30% | 33% | 7.55 | 6% | 13% | 14% | 4% | Urban green spaces and green buildings |
Milan | 40% | 39% | 21% | 7.12 | 12% | 14% | 15% | 0% | GI and green buildings |
Rome | 36% | 30% | 34% | 6.07 | 5% | 8% | 12% | 2% | Urban green spaces and green buildings |
Warsaw | 35% | 30% | 35% | 5.31 | 5% | 5% | 14% | 3% | Urban green spaces and green buildings |
Athens | 38% | 28% | 34% | 3.98 | 3% | 3% | 14% | 4% | Urban green spaces and green buildings |
Vienna | 23% | 21% | 56% | 5.92 | 9% | 10% | 13% | 13% | Urban green spaces and habitat |
Stockholm | 20% | 18% | 62% | 1.7 | 4% | 5% | 12% | 55% | Street trees and urban green spaces |
Budapest | 32% | 33% | 36% | 5.61 | 8% | 8% | 13% | 2% | GI and green buildings |
Brussels | 42% | 29% | 29% | 10.66 | 10% | 13% | 14% | 1% | Urban green spaces and habitat |
Amsterdam | 27% | 35% | 37% | 6.69 | 10% | 11% | 8% | 1% | Urban green spaces and green buildings |
Prague | 25% | 30% | 45% | 5.74 | 7% | 11% | 11% | 5% | Preserved habitat |
Lisbon | 28% | 25% | 47% | 3.58 | 2% | 7% | 6% | 2% | Street trees |
Bucharest | 33% | 36% | 31% | 3.27 | 4% | 5% | 11% | 0% | GI |
