Extended Data Fig. 7: Trends of upper ocean stratifications in the equatorial Pacific.
From: Intensification of Pacific tropical instability waves over the recent three decades
1993–2021 trends (color shading) are superimposed with the mean states (contour, same unit as the trends without ‘/ dec’): a,b, Temperature; c,d, Vertical stratification (buoyancy frequency square, \({N}^{2}=-{b}_{z}\), where the buoyancy \(b=-\frac{\rho }{{\rho }_{0}}g\)); e,f, Meridional buoyancy gradient square (\({{b}_{y}}^{2}\)). \({{b}_{y}}^{2}\) is calculated using monthly data before the average. Left/right panels are from IAP reconstruction/OFES2, averaged between 160°W–100°W. Dashed and solid black curves are climatological mean mixed layer depth (MLD) and D20, respectively. Note that the left and right have different ranges of colorbar and contour intervals in order to magnify the structure of the trends.
