Extended Data Fig. 10: Trends of TIW-induced EDH.
From: Intensification of Pacific tropical instability waves over the recent three decades
1993–2021 trends (color shading) are superimposed with the mean states (contour, same unit as the trends without ‘/ dec’): a, Satellite-derived surface EDH; b, 160°W–100°W average of a along with the uncertainties in percentage form, standardized by maximum values (∼2 °C month−1) of the climatological mean in the meridional direction; Data are represented as the trends ± uncertainties (estimated as the s.e.m.) at the equator, with n numbers of 25. c, Meridional transect of OFES2-simulated subsurface EDH averaged between 160°W–100°W. The OFES2 simulation underestimates the EDH trends because the \(\overline{{{{\rm{SST}}^{\prime}}}}_{y}^{2}\) trend is biased to be negative (Extended Data Fig. 3l). The OFES2 results suggest that the heating effects are amplified near the surface.
