Extended Data Fig. 3: Maps of CO2-induced surface energy flux changes.

(a,b) Maps of (a) surface (shortwave plus longwave radiation energy flux and (b) surface turbulent (sensible plus latent) heat flux changes (relative to preindustrial times, in units of W/m2) in the CO2 quadrupling simulation for the multimodel mean of CMIP5/6 models over years 1–20. (c,d) Same as (a,b) but for LongRunMIP models. (e,f) Same as (c,d) but for years 981–1000. (g,h) Same as (c,d) but for the differences between years 981–1000 and years 1–20. The base map is from NCAR Command Language map outline databases.