Extended Data Fig. 4: The climatological mean of the mixed layer depth (MLD), net surface heat flux (Qnet) and boreal wintertime sea ice concentration (SIC).
From: Intensified Atlantic multidecadal variability in a warming climate
a, The climatological pattern of the annual mean MLD under the PiControl, SSP126 and SSP585 scenario. Unit is m. Shown is the multimodel ensemble mean result. b, Same as a, but for the Qnet. Unit is W/m2. Positive values denote heat downward into the ocean. c, Same as a, but for the boreal wintertime (DJF) Arctic sea ice concentration. Unit is percentage (%). Projected shallowed MLD in the subpolar North Atlantic is key to increased AMV under global warming, despite damping from the Qnet, and melt of Arctic sea ice.
