Fig. 4: Climate projections with and without ice-shelf cavities.
From: Regional conditions determine thresholds of accelerated Antarctic basal melt in climate projection
a–c, Time series of Antarctic freshwater anomaly (surface run-off for CORE runs and ice-shelf meltwater for ICE runs) (a), NADW formation (b) and AABW formation (c) for HIST and SSP runs. The anomaly values are relative to the pre-industrial state (1851–1900 average). The stars in a denote the extreme-scenario Antarctic basal melt anomalies for 2050 and 2100 from ref. 44 and ref. 2, respectively. The NADW formation is estimated from the positive maximum of the Atlantic MOC stream function (40 °N–80 °N). The AABW formation is estimated from the negative maximum of the global MOC stream function (80 °S–50 °S). All time series apply a 5-year moving average.
