Fig. 1: The current and future cost of natural disturbances in Europe’s forests.
From: Rising cost of disturbances for forestry in Europe under climate change
Bars show the timber-based forest value losses from disturbances relative to the counterfactual of undisturbed forest development under the same climate scenario. Data denote mean ± s.d. across all simulations (N = 300). ‘Historical’ assumes climate conditions from 1981–2005, while RCP scenarios are for projected future climate conditions for the period 2076–2100.
