Extended Data Fig. 4: Contribution of different relative sea level components to flood exposure extent with different assumptions.
From: Development policy affects coastal flood exposure in China more than sea-level rise
Left panels (a, c) show potential inundation area without protection, and right panels (b, d) show the same with current protection standards. Top panels (a, b) show the disaggregated effects of sea-level rise (SLR), land subsidence, and tides and storms, and bottom panels (c, d) show the added effects of interactions between SLR and extreme events at values of 10% and 30% of SLR. The coastal area potentially inundated when considering different combinations of components is shown at ten-year intervals from 2030 to 2100, using an attenuation factor of 0.01 m/pixel (100 m). Mean SLR and the rate of land subsidence (SUB) varies temporally and spatially based on differences in scenarios; while tides and storm surges (TS) vary spatially but remain constant over time and equal across scenarios. CCEx10 and CCEx30 indicate, respectively, a 10% and 30% inactive effect between SLR and extreme events, compared to panels (a) and (b), which have essentially a 0% interactive effect. The uncertainty band represents the range of inundated area across different SLR scenarios (see methods for full details). The solid lines on the main plot represent the mid-range SLR scenario (or TS when SLR is not added), and the uncertainty bands show the range of potentially inundated area among all scenario combinations. The shaded bars on the right show the range of area in 2100, and the horizontal lines represent the mid-range SLR scenario (or TS when SLR is not added).
