Extended Data Fig. 4: Introduced species.
From: Deficits of biodiversity and productivity linger a century after agricultural abandonment
The 42 plant species listed here were introduced to Minnesota. About half of these species were already observed in 1982, during the first year of observations. About three quarters of the species were observed by 1988, the first year of the annual sampling of the old field chronosequence (E054). This leaves only 8 of the 176 plant species identified in our studies that possibly arrived at the study site during recent decades due to biotic homogenization resulting from species introductions. Even these eight species may have been present from the start, but failed to be detected, during early years, due to dormancy or observation error.
