Fig. 3: Species contributions to multiple components of ecological stability.
From: Individual species provide multifaceted contributions to the stability of ecosystems
a,b, Mean (± s.e.m., n = 4 for all measures except spatial variability, for which n = 11) log response ratios, with raw data points, indicating contributions of grazer species, both individual and combined, to multiple components of functional (a) and compositional (b) stability. Data points above the dashed horizontal line indicate a stabilizing contribution relative to the treatment from which no species were removed (that is, the presence of a species promoted resistance, resilience, recovery or spatial variability, or decreased temporal variability or reactivity) and those below the line indicate a destabilizing contribution, whereby the presence of a species reduced stability. Where significant treatment effects were found, letters indicate where species contributions are statistically indistinguishable from each other based on SNK tests (P > 0.05; see also Extended Data Fig. 1).
