Extended Data Fig. 9: Boxplots of expected brain mass (a–d) and PEQ (e–h) for all the tips based on a sample of 9002 time-calibrated posterior trees for each one of the hypotheses.

a,e, Dembo et al.17 hypothesis; b,f, Au. sediba hypothesis; c,g, H. naledi hypothesis and d,h, H. floresiensis hypothesis. The red dots indicate the expected brain mass (in g) for the tips of the consensus trees (a–d), or alternatively, the PEQ calculated for the tips of the consensus trees (e–h). The median is indicated by the horizontal black line, the interquartile range (IQR) is the white box and the whiskers indicate the minimum and the maximum (at 1.5 * IQR of the lower and upper hinge respectively). Further details about the hypotheses and how the expected brain mass and the PEQ were calculated are provided in the Methods section.