Extended Data Fig. 1: Evolutionary parameter estimates of sperm length for fertilization modes.
From: Fertilization mode drives sperm length evolution across the animal tree of life
Estimates of sperm length evolutionary optima (θ) and the rate of evolution (σ2) of sperm length for external fertilizers (blue), spermcasters (purple), and internal (red) fertilizers from OUwie models. Values are presented for all species in our dataset (a,e), Annelida (b,f), Mollusca (c,g), and Chordata (d,h). In all graphs, each point represents an estimate from an independent model run.
