Extended Data Fig. 5: Effects of summer weather on monarch population size, 1994–2003.
From: Changes in climate drive recent monarch butterfly dynamics
a, Estimated marginal effects (median and 95% credible intervals) of GDD (deviation from county 10-year average) on expected monarch counts during peak summer (expected mean count of adult monarchs per search hour, 19 Jul–25 Jul), for typical cool, average, and warm counties (avgGDDc = 711, 898, and 1033 °C, respectively) within the summer breeding range, 1994–2003. b, Estimated marginal effects of precipitation (deviation from county 10-year average) on expected monarch counts during peak summer, for typical dry, average, and wet counties (avgPCPc = 422, 525, and 578 mm, respectively), 1994–2003.
