Table 1 Showing for each trait the variance explained (r²) by ridge regression models for 220 ecoregions and the independent effects for climate and soil listed from hierarchical partitioning that, respectively, add up with the joint effect to the variance explained by climate or soil

Trait^a	Group	Explained variance^b by soil and climate (r²)	Soil (independent effect^b) (r²)	Climate (independent effect^b) (r²)	Joint effect^b (r²)
		Ridge regression model	Hierarchical partitioning	Hierarchical partitioning	Hierarchical partitioning
Seed length	Size	0.4	–0.01	0.08	0.33
Dispersal length	Size	0.26	–0.01	0.03	0.24
Seed mass	Size	0.57	–0.01	0.09	0.49
Height	Size	0.52	0.01	0.1	0.41
Leaf f mass	Size	0.72	0	0.15	0.56
Leaf area	Size	0.63	0.03	0.13	0.47
Conduit density	Size	0.77	–0.01	0.22	0.56
Stem density	Economics	0.41	0.03	0.02	0.36
Leaf C	Economics	0.29	0.08	0.05	0.17
Leaf N:P	Economics	0.55	0.06	0.12	0.38
Leaf P	Economics	0.45	0.15	0.05	0.25
Leaf N area	Economics	0.39	0.03	0.02	0.33
SLA	Economics	0.41	0.09	0.13	0.19
Leaf N	Economics	0.26	0.06	0.16	0.05
Vessel length	Other	0.4	0	–0.03	0.42
Leaf d15N	Other	0.51	0.05	0.1	0.35
Seeds U	Other	0.1	–0.02	0.02	0.1

^aFor full versions of traits, see main text. Mean values; minimum and maximum values from different cross-validation runs in Supplementary Table 8. Negative values indicate a reduction of explained variance when respective variables are added to the ridge regression model.

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