Extended Data Fig. 4: Comparison of unbiased genes expression levels within species pairs, in log2(TPM+1), using PSO gene sets.

F: females. M: males. Mo: monoicous. Boxes represent the interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles) of the data, the line inside the box represents the median, whiskers represent the largest/smallest value within 1.5 times interquartile range above and below the 75th and 25th percentile, respectively. Statistical tests are permutationtwo-sided t-tests using 100,000 permutations. Paired t-test were used for comparisons between sexes of the same species (dioicous species). ** 0.001 < P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Number of analysed genes are presented inside brackets.