Fig. 1: Map and timeline of sites and individuals in the study and milk protein results.
From: Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes
a, Map of study area and major cultural regions mentioned in the text: Oka–Volga–Don, East Urals, North Caucasus, South Caucasus and Anatolia. Extent of the Pontic–Caspian steppe is shown in grey. Inset: enhanced view of North Caucasus sites. b, Timeline of sites and individuals analysed in this study. Individuals are organized by region, with archaeological culture or period indicated by colour corresponding to the legend. White circles indicate median calibrated radiocarbon dates, and error bars are 2 s.d. Coloured bars display the time spans conventionally associated with the archaeological cultures and time periods. c, Milk protein evidence by individual, displayed as total PSM count to the milk proteins BLG, alpha-lactalbumin and alpha-S1-casein. Consensus livestock assignment was determined by parsimony. aTwo dental calculus samples were analysed from ZO2002. Basemap is from https://www.naturalearthdata.com/.
