Fig. 3: The diversity of KCs in ant brains.

a, Pairwise Pearson correlations and hierarchical clustering of the 12 KC clusters in M. pharaonis brains based on gene expression, showing a clear division into two main classes (A and B). The grey numbers at the branches are bootstrap values. b, Dot plot showing the expression of representative DEGs between class-A and -B KCs. Dot colours represent average expression of a gene and dot sizes represent percentages of cells within each cluster expressing that gene. c, Bar plots showing the proportion of cells from each KC cluster against the total number of KCs in each of the four adult phenotypes, with the dashed line marking the boundary between class-A and -B KCs. d, Radar plot showing the variation in relative abundance of each KC subtype against total brain cells across Monomorium phenotypes. For each KC cluster, the mean across replicates for a phenotype was determined first and then divided by the maximum among the four phenotypes. See Supplementary Data 1 for the exact number of nuclei per KC cluster per phenotype. e, Representative GO terms enriched (FDR < 0.05) by the DEGs that were up-regulated in each KC (sub)class relative to the remaining KCs. Dot colours represent FDR values for each GO term, and dot sizes represent the number of DEGs associated with each GO term. f, Correspondence of KC clusters between Monomorium and Harpegnathos/Apis/Drosophila as predicted from the transcriptional similarities of orthologous genes by MetaNeighbor. A higher AUROC score means higher similarity. Each line links a Monomorium KC cluster to its top hit among the Harpegnathos/Apis/Drosophila KC clusters according to AUROC scores, with line thickness being proportional to the score. Only hits with AUROC > 0.80 are shown. A second hit is plotted as well when the difference between the top and second AUROC score was less than 0.05. AUROC scores for Drosophila α'/β' KCs are mean values across the three independent datasets (Extended Data Fig. 5d).