Extended Data Fig. 6: δ18OPO4-δ13C values of ancient and modern Cyprinidae tooth enameloid from Gesher Benot Ya’aqov (GBY), ‘Ubeidiya (UB), Lake Kinneret, and the Jordan River.
From: Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel
a, The phosphate and the carbonate fraction isotope composition (δ18OPO4-δ13C) in fossil L. longiceps teeth from ‘Ubeidiya (1.5 Ma; n = 9) and GBY (0.78 Ma; n = 29), compared with that observed for modern L. longiceps (Lake Kinneret; n = 5), reveal that diagenesis did not alter the fossil teeth and that the isotopic values represent changes in water salinity level and temperatures; b, Quadratic discriminant analysis of the phosphate and the carbonate fraction isotope composition (δ18OPO4-δ13C) in the sampled teeth, in various aquatic habitats: Lake Kinneret (black); Jordan River (light blue) ‘Ubeidiya (orange); GBY A (green) and GBY B (Blue). The ellipse for each habitat is the 95% confidence interval. The dot markers indicate teeth and the “+” marker indicates the multivariate mean of each group. The discrimination diagram shows distinct separation between aquatic habitats due to water evaporation rate and salinity level (Supplemantery Tables 7–8; Wilk’s lambda = 0.033, F = 20.33, p < 0.0001, n = 24).
