Extended Data Fig. 1: The effects of microbial inoculants on soil microbial biomass.

a, bacterial biomass; b, fungal biomass; c, actinobacterial biomass; d, diazotrophic biomass. Bars around the means denote 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mean values < 0 indicate a higher value in control treatment (yellow dots), while mean values > 0 indicate a higher value in microbial inoculant treatment (blue dots). Bacteria, fungi, and AMF in front of each subgroup name represent bacterial inoculants, fungal inoculants, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculants, respectively. The number of observations is beside each attribute. The between-group heterogeneity (Qbetween) statistic is computed using the one-sided chi-square test. A significance level is set at Prandom < 0.05 to determine the significance of Qbetween. Differences among subgroups are deemed significant when their CIs do not overlap. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.