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Transformative changes are needed to support socio-bioeconomies for people and ecosystems in the Amazon

Nature Ecology & Evolution volume 8, pages 1815–1825 (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Current social-technical and political conditions threaten the integrity of the Amazon biome. Overcoming these lock-ins requires structural transformations away from conventional economies towards ‘socio-bioeconomies’ (SBEs). SBEs are economies based on the sustainable use and restoration of Amazonian ecosystems, as well as Indigenous and rural livelihood systems in the region. They include sustainable eco-tourism as well as diversified production and innovative processing of fruits, nuts, oils, medicines, fish and other products deriving from socio-biodiversity. Using a sustainability transitions perspective, we argue for multi-scalar policy changes to sustain, enhance and scale-out and scale-up SBE initiatives. To nurture niche SBE acitivities, we advocate for improvements in infrastructure, value chains and social organizations. To dismantle structural barriers, we call for an end to harmful subsidies, greater representation of marginalized communities in territorial planning, enhanced rural–urban and intersectoral linkages, international collaboration, shifts in demand, and changes in conservation and production narratives. Policies for SBEs must also use clear definitions, participatory processes and a multi-biome approach to avoid perverse outcomes.

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Fig. 1: Examples of activities that are compatible with the SBE concept.
Fig. 2: Proposed policy interventions to support SBEs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the following people for comments and suggestions on this policy Perspective: A. Homma, C. Jarrett, D. Larrea-Alcázar, E. Berenguer, F. Viscarra, F. Sánchez, F. Brandão, G. Oliveira, J. Marcovitch, J. Ortiz, J. Valentim, M. R. Murmis, M. Verkooijen, P. Fearnside, R. Feltran-Barbieri, S. Margulis, S. Wunder, S. Heilpern and J. Østergaard Nielsen. SPA Steering Committee: C. Nobre, M. Peña-Claros, A. Val, F. Roca, S. Trumbore and L. Villanova.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Rachael Garrett, Joyce Brandão, Emiliano Cabrera Rocha & Oscar Sampaio

  2. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil

    Joice Ferreira & Roberto Porro

  3. Josué de Castro Chair of the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ricardo Abramovay

  4. Department of Anthropology, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Eduardo Brondizio

  5. Environment and Society Program (UNICAMP-NEPAM), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

    Eduardo Brondizio

  6. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil

    Ana Euler

  7. Departamento Académico de Antropología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru

    Danny Pinedo

  8. Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil

    Oscar Sampaio

  9. Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Marianne Schmink

  10. Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador

    Bolier Torres

  11. Wildlife Conservation Society, Lima, Peru

    Mariana Varese

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Garrett, R., Ferreira, J., Abramovay, R. et al. Transformative changes are needed to support socio-bioeconomies for people and ecosystems in the Amazon. Nat Ecol Evol 8, 1815–1825 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02467-9

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