Fig. 2: Numbers of directional changes in each sex, in each of four tetrapod clades.

Directional changes are divided into decreasing or increasing, and counted in the three categories of SSD (blue for female-biased, red for male-biased, white for monomorphic). Statistically significant comparisons from two-sided binomial tests with a Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction for P values are marked with horizontal lines and asterisks (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Icons from PhyloPic.org under a CC0 1.0 license: Panthera leo, Margot Michaud; Turdus pillaris, Sharon Wegner-Larsen; Varanus komodoensis, Steven Traver; Hyla versicolor, Will Booker.