Extended Data Fig. 6: Overall relationships generated from simulated Fisher’s log series distribution data under simulated ambient (purple lines) and altered environmental (dots and black lines) conditions.

The relationship between mean of the number of all values and (a) mean of the sum of all values, and (b) mean of the sum of the two largest values, and (c) mean of the proportion of the two largest values; and (d) mean of the proportion of the two largest values and mean of the sum of the two largest values; and between mean of the sum of all values and (e) mean of the sum of the two largest values, and (f) mean of the proportion of the two largest values, of 100 simulated sites under simulated ambient and altered environmental conditions (100 simulated sites; simulated year > 0; each simulated site includes 3 simulated blocks; each simulated block includes 10 simulated plots). All data were natural log-transformed to improve normality. The red, gray, and blue dots mean that the relationship between the y-axis and x-axis variables of each panel on the simulated site-level is significantly positive, non-significant correlated, and significantly negative correlated under simulated altered conditions, respectively. The purple lines are regression curves for the ambient conditions. The purple fonts are R2 and P values for the ambient conditions. The black lines are regression curves for the altered environmental conditions. The black fonts are R2 and P values for the altered environmental conditions. The dashed and solid lines indicate that the overall relationship is not significant (P > 0.05) and significant (P < 0.05), respectively, with shaded areas indicating 95% confidence intervals. All statistical tests are conducted as two-sided.