Table 4 Conditions of stability analysis of selected PSCs analyzed under continuous illumination for over 1000 h. Only cells losing less than 15% of initial PCE are included

Sulfur plasma

–

‘Triple A class’ sulfur plasma lamp, Plasma-I AS 1300 Light Engine (http://www.plasma-i.com/plasma-i-products.htm).

0.77

30 °C

Ambient Air 10%–20% RH

No

ITO/SnO₂ (FA_0.76MA_0.15Cs_0.09)_0.97Pb(I_0.89Br_0.11)_2.97 EH44/MoOx/Al

16.6

1500

⁴⁹

–

Sulfur plasma lamp from LG (6000 K blackbody).

1

35 °C

Ambient Air 40% RH

No

ITO/NiO/LiF Cs_0.17FA_0.83Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃ LiF/PC₆₀BM/SnO₂/ZnSnO₂/ITO/LiF/Ag

14.5

1000

¹⁴⁸

White LED

–

White LED illumination

1

RT

N₂ filled chamber

No

ITO/SnO₂/PCBM:PMMA/Rb_0.05Cs_0.1FAPbI₃ PMMA/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au

20.4

1000

¹⁴⁹

–

White light LED array

1

55–60 °C

Ar filled chamber

No

FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/(FAI)_0.9Cs_0.1(PbI₂)_1.05: 3-(5-mercapto-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)benzenaminium iodide/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au

20.9

1000

¹⁵⁰

–

White LED (XLamp CXA2011 1300 K CCT)

1

RT

N₂ filled chamber

No

ITO/C₆₀-SAM FA_0.83MA_0.17Pb_1.1Br_0.5I_2.8 PDCBT/Ta-WO_x/Au

21.2

1050

¹⁵¹

–

Array of white LEDs was powered by a constant current

1

60 °C

N₂ filled chamber

No

FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂ CsFAMAPbI_3-xBr_x CuSCN/r-GO/Au

20.4

1000

¹³¹

–

White LED lamp

1

55 °C

N₂ filled chamber

No

FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/ (FAI)_0.81(PbI₂)_0.85(MABr)_0.15(PbBr₂)_0.15/ doped with N-(4-bromophenyl)-thiourea Spiro-OMeTAD/Au

21.5

1500

¹⁵²

–

White LED lamp

1

RT

N₂ filled chamber

No

FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/ MAPbI₃/PTAA/Au

16.4

1000

²¹

Metal halide or xenon-plasma lamp

No

Light-soaking chamber, K3600-MH300, McScience Inc.

1

RT

N₂ filled chamber

Yes

FTO/La-BaSnO₃/MAPbI₃/NiO/FTO/glass

21.2

1000

⁶⁶

Yes

Class AAA solar sim. from Newport equip. with a 1000 W Xenon lamp.

AAA class simulator using a plasma lamp with a spectrum that exactly superimposes to the standard.

1

55 °C

Ar filled chamber or encapsulated

Yes

FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/ZrO₂(5-AVA)_x(MA)_1-xPbI₃/Carbon

11.9

10,000

¹³³

No

Newport solar simulator (model 91192) giving light with AM 1.5 G spectral distribution

1

Ambient air, unspecified

No

FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/ZrO₂ (5-AVA)_x(MA)_1–xPbI₃/Carbon

10

1008

¹⁵³

No

Atlas SUNTEST XLS + (1,700 W air-cooled xenon lamp) light-soaking chamber under simulated full-spectrum AM1.5 sunlight.

0.76

70–75 °C

Ambient air 40%–50% RH

Yes

FTO/NiO/(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.95Cs_0.05Pb(I_0.9Br_0.1)₃ + BMIMBF₄/PCBM/Cr(Cr₂O₃)/Au

~ 19

1885

¹⁵⁴

Solar simulator with unspecified light source

Yes

‘Solar cell light resistance test system (Model BIR– 50, Bunkoh–Keiki Co., LTD) equipped with a Class AAA solar simulator’

1

45–50 °C

Yes

FTO/NiMg(Li)O/MAPbI₃/PCBM/Ti(Nb)Ox/Ag

18.3

1000

¹⁵⁵

Yes

‘Sun Simulator Sumitomo Heavy Industries Advanced Machinery’

1

35 °C

N₂

Yes

ITO/ BDPSO/MAPbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Ag

17.2

1300

¹⁵⁶

Not specified

‘AM.1.5 G solar simulator’

1

Yes

FTO/PEDOT:PSS/(BA)₂(MA)₃Pb₄I₁₃/ PCBM/Al

12.5

2250

¹⁵⁷

No

‘AM 1.5 G illumination’

Air 38% RH

PET/Gr/TiO₂/PCBM MAPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD:cross-stacking carbon nanotube/All Carbon Electrode

11.9

1014

¹⁵⁸

Outdoor

No

Variable

Variable up to 45 °C

Yes

FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/ZrO₂/(5-AVA)_x(MA)_1-xPbI₃/mcarbon

12.9

1056

⁷²