Table 2 Input parameters for levelized unit charging costs in existing ERCOT and illustrative CAISO market for 72 MW station
From: Economic, environmental and grid-resilience benefits of converting diesel trains to battery-electric
Cost component | ERCOT | CAISO | Units | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electricity generation | Price a retail electricity provider would pay to pass through the real-time price to a retail customer, on the basis of ERCOT prices 2017–201937 and ERCOT day-ahead market clearing prices for capacity54 | 26.5 | Illustratively modelled as the price an energy service provider would pay to pass through the real-time price to a direct-access customer, not including resource adequacy payments, on the basis of CAISO real-time prices 2017–201938, California renewable portfolio standards55, renewable energy certificate prices56 and CAISO fees57 | 32.9 | US$ MWh–1 |
Transmission and distribution | T&D charges paid by a transmission-connected customer in Oncor service territory, charging only at non-critical-peak times58 | 0.3 | T&D charges paid by a transmission-connected customer in Oncor service territory, charging only at non-critical-peak times58 | 0.3 | US$ MWh–1 |
Electrical equipment | Average of best-case electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) costs, taken to be (1) the balance of system (BOS) costs of grid-tied storage and (2) industry-projected EVSE costs, on the basis of utility-scale solar plus storage BOS costs48 and inverter lifetime59 | 34.8 | US$ MWh–1 | ||
Grid connection | Average levelized US grid connection cost for utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) projects60 | 2.4 | US$ MWh–1 | ||
Operations and maintenance | Cost of (1) inverter maintenance for a PV plant, (2) preventive maintenance and inspection, averaged for both an existing electric bus charging station and the electrical/wiring inspection costs of a PV plant and (3) estimated structural maintenance59 | 4.8 | US$ MWh–1 | ||
Installation | Installation costs associated with grid-tied storage, grid-connected storage cost of installation, labour and equipment, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC), overhead and interconnection48 | 7.5 | US$ MWh–1 | ||
Capital | Return owed on capital investment, on the basis of California investor-owned utility rates of return53 | 7% | |||
