Table 3 Coefficients from log-linear regression and exponentiated consumption (kg capita–1 yr–1 from LPG consumption model
Coefficient | Estimate | Standard error | Test statistic (Wald statistic) | P value | Mean (95% CI) (kg capita–1 yr–1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 3.76 | 0.09 | 41.32 | <0.001*** | |
Country (referenced to Ghana) | 15.80 (12.69, 19.32) | ||||
Cameroon | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.86 | 0.39 | 14.70 (11.71, 18.05) |
Kenya | –0.02 | 0.07 | –0.27 | 0.78 | 13.24 (10.80, 15.83) |
Age of head of household (referenced to 18–24) | 16.43 (13.24, 20.40) | ||||
25–29 | –0.04 | 0.03 | –1.20 | 0.23 | 15.82 (12.80, 19.55) |
30–35 | –0.01 | 0.03 | –0.58 | 0.56 | 16.29 (13.12, 20.22) |
36–75 | –0.05 | 0.03 | –1.38 | 0.17 | 15.63 (12.59, 19.39) |
Household income quartile (referenced to 1st quartile (lowest)) | 15.31 (12.41, 18.89) | ||||
2nd quartile | 0.05 | 0.04 | 1.36 | 0.17 | 15.65 (12.69, 19.31) |
3rd quartile | 0.06 | 0.04 | 1.51 | 0.13 | 15.52 (12.61, 19.09) |
4th quartile (highest) | 0.15 | 0.05 | 3.20 | 0.001** | 17.10 (13.93, 21.00) |
Sex of cooking fuel decision maker (referenced to female) | 15.31 (12.41, 18.89) | ||||
Male | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.34 | 0.73 | 15.55 (12.56, 19.25) |
Marital status (referenced to married) | 15.31 (12.41, 18.89) | ||||
Divorced/separated | –0.11 | 0.07 | –1.50 | 0.12 | 12.57 (9.71, 16.26) |
Living together with partner/cohabiting | –0.08 | 0.04 | –1.87 | 0.06 | 14.76 (11.86, 18.37) |
Single | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.70 | 16.10 (13.12, 19.76) |
Widowed | –0.03 | 0.05 | –0.52 | 0.58 | 15.54 (12.24, 19.73) |
Number of household members (referenced to 1–2) | 32.05 (26.04, 39.46) | ||||
3–4 | –0.60 | 0.04 | –15.7 | <0.001*** | 18.33 (14.84, 22.64) |
5–6 | –0.99 | 0.04 | –24.3 | <0.001*** | 12.40 (10.02, 15.34) |
7+ | –1.29 | 0.05 | –28.4 | <0.001*** | 9.11 (7.33, 11.32) |
Number of children <5 years old living in household (referenced to 1) | 17.20 (13.93, 21.23) | ||||
2 | –0.05 | 0.03 | –1.98 | 0.04* | 14.53 (11.74, 17.98) |
3–6 | –0.14 | 0.03 | –4.04 | <0.001*** | 14.30 (11.54, 17.73) |
Years cooking with LPG (referenced to <1 yr) | 15.31 (12.41, 18.89) | ||||
1–2 yr | –0.09 | 0.06 | –1.64 | 0.10 | 13.96 (11.44, 17.02) |
2–5 yr | –0.08 | 0.05 | –1.55 | 0.12 | 14.36 (11.88, 17.36) |
5–10 yr | –0.01 | 0.05 | –0.28 | 0.77 | 15.28 (12.66, 18.43) |
>10 yr | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.97 | 16.06 (13.22, 19.49) |
Fuel stacking (referenced to no) | 15.80 (12.81, 19.49) | ||||
Yes | –0.12 | 0.06 | –2.15 | 0.03* | 13.29 (11.44, 15.43) |
Days cooking with LPG in previous week (referenced to 6 or less) | 15.31 (12.41, 18.89) | ||||
7 days (everyday) | 0.07 | 0.02 | 2.95 | 0.003** | 16.16 (13.07, 19.97) |
Obtain any cooking fuels for free | 15.80 (12.81, 19.49) | ||||
Yes | –0.05 | 0.03 | –1.55 | 0.12 | 15.30 (12.29, 19.03) |
Number of LPG stove burners (referenced to 1) | 15.31 (12.41, 18.89) | ||||
2 | 0.40 | 0.03 | 11.13 | <0.001*** | 23.44 (18.91, 29.06) |
3+ | 0.31 | 0.03 | 9.21 | <0.001*** | 21.87 (17.72, 27.00) |
Transportation cost for obtaining LPG refill (<US$0.25) | 16.08 (13.58, 19.03) | ||||
US$0.26–0.50 | –0.01 | 0.03 | –0.38 | 0.70 | 16.06 (13.52, 19.08) |
US$0.51–1.00 | –0.02 | 0.03 | –0.63 | 0.53 | 15.77 (13.23, 18.79) |
>US$1.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.86 | 16.02 (13.42, 19.12) |
Travel time to obtain LPG refill (referenced to <10 min) | 16.56 (13.36, 20.53) | ||||
11–20 min | –0.06 | 0.03 | –2.05 | 0.04* | 15.73 (12.71, 19.46) |
21–30 min | –0.09 | 0.03 | –2.95 | 0.003** | 15.41 (12.28, 19.33) |
>30 min | –0.10 | 0.05 | –2.24 | 0.03* | 15.34 (12.40, 18.97) |
Cost of refills (referenced to <US$0.85 kg–1) | 19.69 (15.81, 24.51) | ||||
U$0.86–1.00 kg–1 | –0.09 | 0.04 | –2.22 | 0.03* | 16.50 (13.25, 20.53) |
US$1.01–1.10 kg–1 | –0.16 | 0.05 | –3.03 | 0.003** | 15.75 (12.54, 19.79) |
>US$1.10 kg–1 | –0.36 | 0.06 | –5.50 | <0.001*** | 13.68 (10.71, 17.47) |
