Extended Data Fig. 5: National-level Energy Return On Investment (EROI) equivalent for each fossil fuel group. | Nature Energy

Extended Data Fig. 5: National-level Energy Return On Investment (EROI) equivalent for each fossil fuel group.

From: Estimation of useful-stage energy returns on investment for fossil fuels and implications for renewable energy systems

Extended Data Fig. 5

National-level final-stage renewable energy EROI equivalent (average 2000-2020 shown on y-axis) to each fossil fuel group alongside the share of final energy consumption from the specific fossil fuel group in 2020 (x-axis). The EROI equivalent values are compared to the literature-sourced EROIs (from30) for solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind power in solid (lowest value) and dashed (median value) lines. The size of the dots are function of the share of each country’s global fossil fuel group consumption. Republic of Congo, Uzbekistan, and North Korea are outliers and do not appear in the graph. In addition, values above 40 (which appear for a few countries due to inconsistent energy consumption data), are excluded for coal products. Calculations consist of a weighted average of fossil fuels used as fuels, electricity, and heat.

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