Extended Data Fig. 3: Comparison of manufacturing assumptions. | Nature Energy

Extended Data Fig. 3: Comparison of manufacturing assumptions.

From: Estimation of useful-stage energy returns on investment for fossil fuels and implications for renewable energy systems

Extended Data Fig. 3

Variation in the final-stage Energy Return On Investment equivalent (that is, the value above which renewable energy systems would deliver more net useful energy than fossil fuels) when using the renewable-based manufacturing assumption (Equation (6)) versus the fossil fuel-based manufacturing assumption (Equation (20)). Calculations consist of a weighted average of fossil fuels used as fuels, electricity, and heat. Values calculated for 2020 at the global level.

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