Correction to: Nature Energy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01563-1, published online 21 June 2024.

In the version of the article initially published, in Fig. 5b, the cradle-to-gate emissions shaded area for “Solar PV: Europe” was around 1 kgCO2e per kg H2 and has now been corrected to be 4–5 kgCO2e per kg H2 in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.