In perovskite solar cells, the conventional n–i–p structure employing spiro-MeOTAD as a p-type hole transport layer suffers from poor thermal stability. Now, a non-volatile solid-state additive, 4-(N-carbazolyl)pyridine, is introduced to improve the thermal stability of spiro-MeOTAD and enable solar cells to perform more reliably under harsh conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Kim, H.-S. et al. Sci. Rep. 2, 591 (2012).
Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart. NREL https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency (assessed 21 August 2025).
Hong, Y.-K. et al. Chem. Soc. Rev. 54, 7870–7912 (2025).
Jeong, S.-Y. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 22, 34220–34227 (2022).
Kim, K. et al. Nat. Energy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01864-z (2025).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, HS. Additives for thermal stability. Nat Energy (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01879-6
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01879-6
