Extended Data Fig. 1: Benthic (Cibicidoides spp.) oxygen isotope δ¹⁸O_c and deep water temperatures (DWT) changes from the Mg/Ca proxy through the Middle Miocene.

a Site 761 in the Indian Ocean⁸, b Site 1171 in the Southern Ocean²⁵. Data are plotted on their respective age models. DWT uncertainty is ±4 °C; relative values are considered more robust than absolutes.