Extended Data Fig. 2: Detailed results of ocean-sea ice modelling (FESOM)-based particle backtracking.
From: Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water
a - c, annual mean water mass properties ([a] temperature and [b] practical salinity) and (c) zonal velocities from FESOM model run for the field transect North of Severnaya Zemlya. Green dots in c represent release locations for particle backtracking in dense BSBW. d, Mean ocean current velocity at 200 m depth simulated by FESOM and averaged over the years 1989–2018 visualizes the main outflow path of the Barents Sea branch of the Arctic Boundary Current from the Barents and Kara Sea shelf through St. Anna Trough. e-g, relative numbers of particles show the distribution of different representative particle classes released within the BSBW-plume of the field transect north of Severnaya Zemlya (red square) and back-tracked until reaching the surface. e, particles with 0.08 mm ESD and a sinking velocity of 1.03 m d−1 represent non-ballasted suspended particles <0.1 mm. f, particles with 0.5 mm ESD and a sinking velocity 13.2 m d−1 represent non-ballasted sinking particles >0.1 mm. g, particles with 0.08 mm ESD and a sinking velocity of 8.58 m d−1 represent ballasted particles <0.1 mm. Grey contour lines in d-g indicate the 500 m and 1,000 m isobaths, respectively.
