Fig. 1: Global map of PFAS concentration in water.

a, Sum of concentration of 20 PFAS subject to EU guidance in surface water, groundwater and drinking water samples. Those above the EU drinking water limit of 100 ng l−1 (marked red on scale bar) are circled in red (for known contamination sources (for example, AFFF or non-AFFF)) or black (unknown sources). b, Number of PFAS samples available on a 5° longitude/latitude grid worldwide.