Extended Data Table 1 Compilations of global basalt Y/Yb ratios and geophysically determined LVZ/LAB depths

From: Widespread two-layered melt structure in the asthenosphere

Location	Age (Ma)	Y/Yb ratio				Depth (km)
Location	Age (Ma)	Mean	1SD	R²	Ref.	Obs.		1SD	Ref.	Pref.	1SD
Costa Rica	62	^9.47	^0.91	^0.94	⁹⁹	LVZ^*	^45–70		⁹	⁵⁷	¹²
West Greenland	58	^11.52	^0.53	^0.95	¹⁰⁰	LAB	⁸⁰		¹⁰¹	⁸⁰	¹⁰
Iceland	^<0.01	^10.02	^0.43	^0.98	¹⁰²	LVZ	^60–80		¹⁰³	⁷⁰	¹⁰
Jan Mayen	³⁶	^11.46	^1.08	^0.89	^104,105	LVZ	^60–80		¹⁰³	⁷⁰	¹⁰
Hawaiian Islands^#	<5	^13.16	^1.10	^0.83	¹⁰⁶	LAB	⁷⁵	¹⁰	¹⁰⁷	⁸⁶	⁵
						LAB	⁹³	¹⁰	¹⁰⁷
						LAB	⁸⁸	⁷	¹⁰⁸
Afar Rift	30	^11.72	^0.95	^0.96	^109,110,111	LVZ	⁷⁵	⁴	¹¹²	⁷⁵	⁴
Basin and Range	17	^10.89	^0.97	^0.70	^113,114,115	LVZ	^60–80		¹¹⁶	⁷⁰	¹⁰
Canary Islands	^1–21	^15.12	^0.83	^0.92	¹¹⁷	LAB	¹¹⁰	²⁰	¹¹⁸	¹¹⁰	²⁰
Azores Islands	<8	^12.61	^1.23	^0.85	^{119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138}	LAB	⁸⁰		¹³⁹	⁸⁰	¹⁰
Cape Verde	^0.3–6	^14.47	^1.00	^0.89	^{140,141,142,143,144}	LAB	¹⁰⁰		¹⁴⁵	¹⁰⁰	¹⁰
Galapagos Islands	^<0.05	^12.33	^0.47	^0.97	^146,147	LAB	⁷²	⁵	¹⁴⁸	⁷⁷	¹³
						LAB	⁹¹	⁸	¹⁴⁸
						LAB	⁷⁵	¹²	¹⁴⁹
Ontong Java	¹²⁰	^10.27	^0.40	^0.97	¹⁵⁰	LAB	⁸⁰	⁵	¹⁵¹	⁸⁰	⁵
Westland	^<102	^13.65	^1.62	^0.72	¹⁵²	LAB	⁷³	¹	¹⁵³	⁷⁹	⁶
						LAB	^80–90		¹⁵⁴
Datong-Yangyuan	1–20	14.03	0.77	0.89	¹⁵⁵	LAB	90–110		¹⁵⁶	100	10
Xiyang-Pingding	7.5	17.03	1.77	0.68	¹⁵⁵	LAB	120–130		^156,157	125	5
Columbia River	^<16.7	^10.47	^0.75	^0.97	^{158,159,160,161,162}	^LAB	⁷⁵	¹⁰	¹⁶³	⁷⁵	¹⁰
Deccan	⁶⁶	^11.74	^1.15	^0.81	^{164,165,166,167}	LVZ^†	^55–80		¹⁶⁸	⁶⁵	¹⁵
Wudalianchi	^0–10	^16.48	^0.82	^0.75	^169,170,171	LAB	¹²⁰		^171,172	¹²⁰	¹⁰
Cosgrove Track	^9–33	^18.10	^1.44	^0.75	^{173,174,175,176,177,178,179}	LAB	¹³¹	⁹	¹⁸⁰	¹³²	⁷
						LAB	¹³⁵	¹⁰	²³
Ross Island^#	^<4	^12.21	^1.11	^0.71	^181,182,183	LVZ	^60–90		⁴²	⁷⁵	¹⁵
Pacific MORB		^9.78	^0.62	^0.96	^184,185	LVZ	⁶⁸	⁴	¹⁸⁶	⁶⁹	⁴
						LVZ	^60.5–83		¹⁸⁷
						LVZ	^60–80		¹⁸⁸
West Qinling	^15–20	^17.93	^0.90	^0.87	^{189,190,191,192,193,194}	LAB	¹²⁵		¹⁹⁵	¹²⁵	¹⁰
Styria	^1.9–2.4	^16.26	^0.50	^0.89	¹⁹⁶	LAB	^100–120		¹⁹⁷	¹¹²	⁸
						LAB	^100–130		¹⁹⁸
Bohemian Massif	^0.3–79	^13.50	^0.98	^0.98	^199,200	LAB	^80–100		²⁰¹	⁸⁶	⁵
						LAB	^80–90		¹⁹⁸
French Massif Central	^<13	^12.59	^0.57	^0.90	^202,203	LAB	^60–90		²⁰⁴	⁷⁵	¹⁵

Note: LAB = lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. LVZ = low-velocity zone. R², correlation coefficient between Y and Yb. Ref., references of the data. Obs., observed LVZ/LAB depth. Pref., preferred depth, weighted mean value of the seismically observed LVZ/LAB depths. LVZ^* is constrained by a partial melt layer in the asthenosphere with anomalously high electrical conductivity; LVZ^† is constrained by the highest temperature regions that undergo melting. ^#Basaltic lavas from Ross Island (Antarctica) and Hawaii Islands display a bimodal Y/Yb distribution, and the lavas with lower Y/Yb values (and thus shallow LVZ depth) were used. Detailed locations and full data of basalts are shown in Extended Data Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1.

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Extended Data Table 1 Compilations of global basalt Y/Yb ratios and geophysically determined LVZ/LAB depths

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