Fig. 3: Observed and predicted polar motion.
From: Contributions of core, mantle and climatological processes to Earth’s polar motion
a,b, Comparison between the observed polar motion xp (a) and yp (b) and the predictions (denoted by \({\hat{x}}_\mathrm{p},\,{\hat{y}}_\mathrm{p}\)) of the PINNs for three cases: no geophysical constraints (‘no processes’), all geophysical processes except core dynamics (‘no core dynamics’), full set of geophysical processes (‘all processes’). The training period (1976–2018) is indicated by the shaded blue area. The uncertainties (1σ) associated with the observed signal and each prediction are indicated by their shaded envelopes. c, The RMSE of the modelled vs observed polar motion series for different combinations of processes (B-SL: barystatic and sea-level; GIA-MC: GIA and mantle convection; CD: core dynamics; and EQ seismic). The red dashed line indicates the mean error of the observed polar motion. The RMSE when using no geophysical constraints is 134.53 mas.
